JADE | JUXTAPOSITION
Quick links to more art terms and definitions are located at the end of the list.
Jade
A green stone commonly found in China and Central America. It has been used for centuries to create jewelry, tools, and weapons. Its smooth texture and vibrant color make it a sought-after material for artistic expression.
Jaggies
(Also known as aliasing.)
In computer graphics or display imaging, jaggies are stair-like edges or lines that occur where there should be “smooth” straight lines or curves. They appear when the resolution is low, and the viewer notices the individual pixels. Anti-aliasing and smoothing techniques can be useful in reducing jaggies.
Jalee Work
(Also known as “jali.”)
Refers to a perforated stone or latticed screen, commonly found in Indian and Islamic architecture. These intricate screens are carved from materials like marble or sandstone and feature geometric and floral patterns. Besides their decorative appeal, jali screens serve practical purposes by allowing light and air to filter into buildings while maintaining privacy.
The craftsmanship involved in creating jali screens is remarkable, demonstrating a high level of skill and artistry. They are often seen in palaces, mosques, and historical monuments, adding to the architectural beauty and cultural heritage of these structures.
Jamb Figure
A sculpted figure located on the vertical supports (jambs) on either side of a doorway or window, typically found in medieval and Gothic architecture. These figures are often part of a larger architectural ensemble, depicting saints, prophets, kings, or other significant figures, and serve both decorative and symbolic purposes.
Jamb figures add a sculptural element to the structure and are integral to the storytelling and thematic expression of the building’s facade. A notable example can be seen in the cathedrals of Chartres and Notre Dame in France, where the jamb figures enhance the grandeur and narrative of the portals.
Japanese Prints
A color print executed from woodblocks in water-based inks and developed to a high degree of artistry by the Japanese, especially in the late 18th and early 19th centuries.
Japonism
(Also known as japonisme.)
The influence of Japanese art, fashion, and aesthetics into European art and design during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. European artists and designers were captivated by the vivid colors, new perspectives, and unique sensibilities found in Japanese art.
Jasper
An opaque variety of quartz known for its wide range of colors and patterns, often used in sculpture, jewelry, and decorative objects. This stone can display beautiful, intricate designs formed by the natural inclusion of minerals during its formation, making each piece unique.
Jasper is highly valued for its aesthetic qualities and durability. Artists and craftsmen carve it into various forms, including cameos, intaglios, vases, and other ornamental items. The stone’s hardness allows for detailed and intricate carving, making it a favorite material for fine art and decorative purposes.
Jewel Tones
Refer to vibrant, rich colors that resemble precious gemstones. These hues include rich shades like emerald green, sapphire blue, ruby red, amethyst purple, and topaz yellow. Jewel tones are known for their depth, intensity, and luxurious feel, often used in art, fashion, and interior design to create bold and striking visuals.
Jigger (in pottery)
A machine used to shape ceramic items like plates, bowls, and other symmetrical objects. The process involves placing a lump of clay onto a rotating mold, and then a mechanical arm (the jigger) presses the clay against the mold to form the desired shape. This technique allows for consistent and uniform production of ceramic pieces, making it particularly useful in both artisanal and industrial settings.
Jomon
An ancient Japanese pottery style dating back to prehistoric times (approximately 14,000–300 BCE). Jomon pottery is characterized by its cord-marked surface, created by pressing cords or ropes into the clay before firing. These vessels were used for various purposes and are considered important artifacts in Japanese cultural history.
Jouissance (in art)
A French term referring to the intense, often overwhelming pleasure or emotional response that a viewer can experience when engaging with a work of art.
JPEG
An acronym for “Joint Photographic Experts Group” is a commonly used standard method of compressing photographic images on the Web. JPEG graphics are capable of reproducing a full range of colors while still remaining small enough for Web use.
Judaica
A collection of objects, artifacts, and artistic creations that hold cultural, religious, or historical significance within Jewish tradition. These items can include everything from ritual objects like menorahs and mezuzahs to beautifully crafted art pieces that celebrate Jewish heritage. Judaica encompasses the tangible expressions of Jewish life and faith.
Jugate
Refers to a style in portraiture where two heads, often of related individuals, are depicted side by side. This format has been used historically in various forms of art, including coins, medals, and paintings, to signify relationships or partnerships, such as rulers, married couples, or family members.
Jugendstil
The German term for Art Nouveau, a decorative art movement which flourished from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. Jugendstil is characterized by its use of organic forms, flowing lines, and natural motifs such as flowers, plants, and insects. This style emphasized decorative arts, including architecture, graphic design, furniture, and interior design, aiming to break away from traditional academic art and embrace more modern, innovative forms.
Junk Art
(Also known as assemblage art or found-object art.)
Three-dimensional works of art composed from old or discarded items, such as junk or trash, of little or no value. This form of artwork is deliberately not visually pleasing; it is unattractive (a.k.a. anti-aesthetic).
Justan
A term specific to Persian miniature painting to describe a tall, narrow panel featuring decorative or narrative figures. This format allows for detailed and intricate storytelling within a confined space, showcasing the artistic skill and cultural richness of Persian miniature art.
Justified Type
In typography, text spaced out between words to create columns with both edges flush and evenly aligned. With narrow columns, justification can create awkward gaps. However, with wide columns, justification can add elegant symmetry.
Jute
A natural fiber derived from flowering plants of the Malvaceae family, namely the Corchorus genus. It is often used to make twine and rope, as well as to weave sacking or matting. Jute is popular in macramé for crafting plant hangers, wall decorations, coasters, mats, and various fashion accessories. It’s rough texture and natural look are perfect for crafting charming, rustic designs.
Juvenilia
Fine artworks produced by artists during their youth. These early works often provide fascinating glimpses into the formative stages of their talent and artistic development.
Juxtaposition
The artful act of positioning elements close together to compare, contrast, or create entirely new meanings. Artists use it to provoke thought, evoke emotions, and keep our eyes engaged.
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The art terms word list is a work in progress. New terms and definitions are added on a regular basis. If you know of an art term and definition that isn’t already listed in it, but you believe it should be, send it to us and we’ll consider adding it. We’ll let you know if we do. Thanks!
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